bfhofhj;j Fkud;
 
 
Rje;jpuk; - ,e;j Rje;jpuj;ij bgw;wpl ek; Kd;ndhu;fs; bgw;w ,d;dy;fs; vj;jid/ capu;g; gypfs; vj;jid/ tpLjiyg;nghupy; ,e;jpaj; jpUehl;od; gy;ntW gFjpahsUld; nghl;o nghl;Lbfhz;L <Lgl;l jkpHf bgUkf;fs; vj;jidnah ngu;. jkpHfj;jpy; ekJ njrj; je;ij fhe;jpaofs; brhy;nfl;L j';fspd; cly;/ bghUs;/ Mtp midj;ija[k; ,Hf;f rpj;jkhapUe;jtu;fs; gyu;.  mtu;fspny ViHaha;/ berthspaha; thH;f;ifia bjhl';fp/ bfhz;l bfhs;iff;fhf capu; gpupa[k; epiyapYk; njrpa bfhoia tplhky; nghuhoa jpahfp Fkud; Fwpg;gplg;gl ntz;oatu;.

bfhofhj;j Fkud; vd;W ek;khy; mwpag;gl;l Fkud; vd;fpw Fkhurhkpia gw;wp ehk; mwpe;jJ.  mtu; nghuhl;lj;jpd; nghJ ekJ bfhoia Ve;jpago Cu;tyk; brd;wbghGJ fhtyu;fshy; jhf;fg;gl;L capu; tpl;lhu; vd;gnj.  mtuJ gpwg;g[ tsu;g;g[ kw;Wk; mtuJ thH;f;if vd;gJ ehk; mwpahjJ fhuzk; ekJ tuyhw;W Mrpupau;fshy; kiwf;fg;gl;l kw;Wk; kwe;j Rje;jpu nghuhl;l tPuu;fspd; tuyhw;wpy; Fkudpd; tuyhWk; xd;W.

mtu; gpwe;j khjj;jpy; mtiug;gw;wp rpwpJ bjupe;J bfhs;nthk;.

nryk; khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s brd;dpkiyapy; ehr;rpKj;J Kjypahu; - fUg;ghap mk;khs; jk;gjpau;f;F 3-tJ FHe;ijahf mf;nlhgu; 4-k; ehs; 1904-Mk; Mz;L Fkhurhkp gpwe;jhu;.  ,tnu gpd;dhspy; ehk; mwpe;j Fkud; - bfhofhj;j Fkud;.  FkuDld; gpwe;jtu;fs; 6 ngu; mtu;fs; tupirg;go khupag;gd;/ bja;thid/ Fkud;/ ey;yk;khs;/ brd;dpag;gd;/ MWKfk;/ ehfk;khs;.

Fkud; FLk;gk; ViH berthsu; FLk;gk; ,Ug;gpDk; Cupy; kupahija[k; rpwg;g[k; ,tu;fsJ FLk;gj;jpw;F ,Ue;jJ.  10 taJ tiuna Fkudhy; fy;tp fw;f Koe;jJ FLk;g NHy; fhuzkhf 10 tajpnyna ntiy bra;J rk;ghjpf;f ntz;oapUe;jJ.  ,jw;F VnjDk; bjhHpy; gapy ntz;Lk; vd;W j';fs; Fyj; bjhHpyhd bert[j; bjhHpiy fw;gpf;f Fkudpd; bgw;nwhu; kot[ bra;jdu;.  ,Ug;gpDk; j';fnshL ,Ue;jhy; rpwg;ghf gapy KoahJ vd;W vz;zpa bgw;nwhu; 1914-Mk; Mz;L Fkudpd; jha;khkd; Cuhd gs;spghisaj;jpw;F mDg;gp itj;jdu;.  2 tUl';fSf;F gpwF brd;dpkiy te;J bert[ bra;J bea;j nriyfis thuk; xU Kiw <nuhL bfhz;L te;J $t[sp fil cupikahsuplk; bfhLj;J tpl;L mjw;f;Fz;lhd Typa[k; mLj;J bea;tjw;F EhYk; th';fp tUthu;.

xU ehs; jdJ jk;gp MWKfj;Jld; <nuhl;oYs;s filapy; bea;j nriyfisf; bfhLj;jhu;/ mjd; cupikahsu; bea;j nriyfspd; juk; rupapy;iy vd;W Typia Fiwj;J bfhLj;jhu;.  ,jidf; fz;L nfhgk; bfhz;l Fkud;/ ,dp bert[ bra;J fil cupikahsu;fsplk; bfhLg;gjpy;iy vd;W Kot[ bra;jhu;.  gpd; jpUg;g{upy; jpU. brd;dpag;g Kjypahu; kw;Wk; jpU. u';frhkp ft[z;lu; Mfpa ,UtUk; ,ize;J O.K.L.E.R.R. vd;w epWtdj;jpy; fzf;fuha; nru;e;jhu;.

1921-Mk; tUlk; FkuDf;Fk; uhkhak;khSf;Fk; jpUkzk; eilbgw;wJ.  mg;nghJ FkuDf;F 17 taJk;  kzg;bgz;zhd uhkhak;khSf;F 10 taJk; MFk;.  jpUkzj;jpw;F gpd; Fkudpd; kdk; FLk;g thH;tpy; <Lgl kwe;J njr eydpy; ehl;lk; bfhs;s Muk;gpj;jJ.  jpUg;g{upy; ,a';fpa jpUg;g{u;  njrgw;W thypgu; r';fj;jpy; cWg;gpduhfp njrg; gzpfspy; <Lgl Muk;gpj;jhu;. fzf;fu; gzpKoe;jt[ld; njrgw;W thypgu; r';fk; brd;W ehl;L epiy gw;wp ngrp es;sput[ ,y;yk; jpUk;g[tJ tHf;fk;.  ,e; epiyapy; jPghtsp beU';fpaJ/ mg;bghGbjy;yhk; gl;lhR md;dpag;bghUs; ,g;bghGJ jahupg;gJ nghy; rptfhrpapy; jahuhd bghUs; my;y.  njrgw;W thypgu; r';f jpl;lj;jpd; go Fkud; fhiyapy; gl;lhRf;fil kwpay/; khiyapy; fs;Sf;fil kwpay; vd;W bray;gl;lhu;.  fhiyapy; gl;lhRf;fil Kd; 5 taJ rpWtDld; epd;W fhirf; fupahf;fhjPu;/ md;dpag; bghUshd btofs; th';fhjPu;/ md;dy; fhe;jp thH;f vd nfh#k; nghLthu;.  ,jidf;fz;L Mj;jpug;gl;l gl;lhRf; fil cupikahsu; gl;lhRf;fl;L xd;iw gw;witj;J Fkud; kPJ tPrpdhu;.  clby';Fk; jPg;g[z;gl;l nghJk; bjhlu;e;J jd; gzpia bra;J te;jhu;.

6-1-1932 khiy jpUg;g{u; beha;ay; ejpf;fiuapy; fhe;jp fl;olj;jpy; fhe;jpaofis ifJ bra;jijf; fz;oj;J bghJf;Tl;lk; Vw;ghL bra;ag;gl;lJ.  ,f;Tl;lj;jpw;F mUfpy; cs;s midj;J fpuhkj;jpypUe;Jk; kf;fs; Todu;.   md;W ele;j Tl;lj;jpy; 10-1-1932 jpU. <Rtu\u;j;jp jiyikapy; rl;l kWg;g[ ,af;fk; elj;JtJ vd jPu;khdpf;fg;gl;lJ.

10-1-1932  rl;l kWg;g[ ,af;f nghuhl;l bghWg;gpid jpUg;g{u; gp.v!;. Re;juk; Vw;whu;.  ,e;j rl;l kWg;g[ ,af;f nghuhl;lj;jpy; g';F bfhz;l kw;w vGr;rp tPuu;fs; jpU. Fkud;/ jpU. uhkd; ehau;/ jpU. mg;g[f;Fl;o/ jpU. ehr;rpKj;J brl;oahu;/ jpU. vd;.v!;. ehuazrhkp/ jpU. Rg;guhad;/ jpU. ehr;rpKj;J ft[z;lu;/ jpU. tp!;tehj ehau; Mfpa 9 ngUk; Kf;fpa bghWg;ngw;wdu;.

nghuhl;l tPuu;fs; mzptFj;J g[wg;gl;lnghJ g[wg;gl;l tPuu;fSf;F jpU. nf.v!;. uhkrhkpf; ft[z;lupd; kidtpa[k;/ kfDk; Muj;jp vLj;J tHpaDg;gp itj;jdu;.  nghuhl;;l tPuu;fs;

b$aKz;L gakpy;iy * fhe;jp$p thH;f *
mr;rkpy;iy/ mr;rkpy;iy mr;rbkd;gjpy;iyna
cr;rpkPJ thd; ,oe;J tPGfpd;w nghjpYk;
mr;rkpy;iy/ mr;rkpy;iy mr;rbkd;gjpy;iyna.

vd;W nfh#kpl;lthW brd;wdu;.  me;j Cu;tyj;jpy; Fkud; njrpa bfhoia Ve;jpa go Kd;dpiy tfpj;J brd;whu;.  Cu;tyk; brd;w me;j rhiyapy; ,Ue;j fhty; epiyaj;jpy; ,Ue;j 30 fhtyu;fSk;/ 2 mjpfhupfSk; bfho gpoj;Jf; bfhz;L Cu;tyk; bry;tij jil bra;jpUf;fpnwhk; fiye;J bry;Y';fs; ,y;iynay; joao elj;j ntz;oapUf;Fk; vd;W vr;rupf;if bra;ahky; 100 mo Jhuj;jpy; ,Ue;j fhty; epiyaj;jpypUe;J Xote;J mnj ntfj;jpy; Kd;dpiyapy; bfhoia Ve;jpago te;j Fkud; jiyapy; moj;jdu;.  me;j mo ,lJ g[wk;  fhJf;F neuhf mtuJ kz;ilia gpse;J tpl;lJ.  nkYk; nkYk; nkYk; mnj ,lj;jpy; gy mofs; tpGe;jJ.  mjdhy; kz;il xL xU Jz;L \isf;Fs; gjpe;jJ.  ,jdhy; ,t;tst[ mofs; tpGe;j nghJk; mirahJ epd;w Fkud; epidtpy;yhky; kz;zpy; tPH;e;jhu;.  me;epiyapYk; mtuJ tyf;fuk; ekJ njrpaf; bfhoia ,Wfg;gw;wpf; bfhz;oUe;jJ.  FkuDld; brd;w jpU. Mu;. uhkd; ehaUf;Fk; gykhd mofs; tpGe;jd ,UtUk; epidt[ ,He;J tpGe;j nghJk; fhtyu;fs; ,tu;fis j';fs; fhyhy; kpjpj;J Jitj;jdu;.

gpd; fhtyu;fs; me;j Cu;tyj;jpy; Vw;gl;l FHg;gk; kw;Wk; fhtyu;fs; kPJ fy;yhy; moj;jjhYk; joao bra;J Tl;lj;ij fiyj;jjhft[k; gjpt[ bra;J bfhz;ldu;.  mog;gl;ltu;fis jpUg;g{u; muR kUj;Jtkidf;F bfhz;L brd;wdu;.  m';F jiyik kUj;Jtuhf ,Ue;j jpU. nfhghynkdd;; Fkudpd; epiy kpf nkhrkhf ,Ue;jijf; fz;lhu;.  mst[ fle;j ,uj;jk; nrjkhfptpl;lJ/ ,tuJ kz;il rpjwpapUf;fpwJ me;j fhaj;jpd; tHpna Vnjh xU bghUs; cs;ns g[Fe;jpUf;fpwJ mjid ePf;f mWit rpfpr;ir bra;jhy;jhd; ,tiu gpiHf;f itf;f Koa[k;. Mdhy; mWit rpfpr;iria jh';Fk; epiyapy; ,tu; ,g;nghJ ,y;iy vd;W Twp mtiu kUj;Jtkidapd; gLf;ifapy; fplj;jpahUk; bjhe;jut[ bra;ahky; ghu;j;Jf; bfhs;s cj;jutpl;lhu;.  ,jidf; fz;l ru;f;fps; ,d;!;bgf;lu; Kfk;kJ kiyahsj;jpy;  fj;jpdhd;.  Mdhy; kdpjhgpkhdk; epiwe;j lhf;lu; nfhghynkdd; bfhy;tJ cd; ntiy/ xU capiuf;fhg;gJ vd; flik vd;W kWbkhHp Twp tpl;Lj; fhak;gl;l kw;w bjhz;lu;fis ftdpf;fyhdhu;.

kUj;Jtkidapnyna epidtpd;wpf; fple;jhu; Fkud;.  11-1-1932 fhiy Fkud; clypy; rpwpJ mirt[k; bky;ypa Funyhira[k; nfl;lJ.  Fkud; ,Wjpahf TwpaJ mUfpypUe;j jdJ jhiag; gw;wpnah/ my;yJ jdJ rnfhjuu;fisg;gw;wpnah/ my;yJ jdJ kidtpiag; gw;wpnah/ my;y *  Rauh$;ak; tuhjh vd;W nfl;lthnw capu; ePj;jhu;.  gpd; mtuJ cly; gpnuj gupnrhjidf;Fg; gpwnf jug;gl;lJ.  bfho fhj;j Fkud; kPJ bfho nghu;j;jg;gl;lJ. mtUf;F ,Wjpr;rl';Ffs; bra;a mtuJ jk;gp MWKfk; jahuhdhu;.  Mdhy; ToapUe;njhu; Fkud; c';fSf;F kl;Lk; brhe;jky;y njrj;jpd; bghJ brhj;J vd;W Twp ToapUe;j midtUk; nru;e;J Fkudpd; clYf;F jP \l;odu;.

,j;jifa nguwpthsu;fspd; ciHg;ghy; fpilj;j Rje;jpu ehl;oy; thGk; ehk;.  tpLjiy nts;tpapy; jd; ,d;Dapu; ePj;j Fkudpd; 97-tJ gpwe;j ehis bfhz;lhLfpd;w ,e;j jUzj;jpy; ekJ m";rypia brYj;Jnthk;.
 
 

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