mt[upr; rhFgo mePjp

$df kfhuh$d; Mz;l ehL/ rk;ghuz;.  m';nf khe;njhg;g[fs; Vuhskhf ,Ug;gijg; nghynt 1917 Mk; tiuapy;/ mt[upj; njhl;l';fSk; epiwa ,Ue;J te;jd.  rk;ghuz; Foahdtu; xt;bthUtUk;/ jhk; rhFgo bra;a[k; epyj;jpd; ,Ug;gjpy; \d;W ghfj;jpy; jkJ epyr;Rthd;jhUf;fhf mt[upiaf; fl;lhak; gapu; bra;jhf ntz;Lk; vd;W rl;lk; ,Ue;jJ.  ,jw;F jPd; fjpah Kiw vd;W bgau;.  ,UgJ fjpah-f;fs; bfhz;lJ xU Vf;fu;.  mjpy; \d;W fjpah-tpy; mt[upr; rhFgo bra;a ntz;Lk; vd;W ,Ue;jjhy; mk;Kiwf;Fj; jPd; fjpah vd;W bgau;.

rk;ghuz; ,Uf;Fk; ,lk; khj;jpuk; my;y/ mg;bgau; Tl vdf;F mg;bghGJ bjupahJ vd;gij ehd; xg;g[f;bfhs;snt ntz;Lk;.  mt[upj; njhl;l';fisg; gw;wpa[k; vdf;F vJt[k; bjupahJ.  mt[upg; bghl;lz';fisg; ghu;j;jpUf;fpnwd; Mdhy;/ rk;ghuzpy; Mapuf;fzf;fhd tptrhapfSf;Fg; bgUe;Jd;g';fis tpistpj;J mt[upiag; gapupl;Lj; jahupf;fpwhu;fs; vd;gJ vdf;Fj; bjupahJ.

,j;Jd;g';fis mDgtpj;J te;j tptrhapfspy; xUtu; uh$;Fkhu; Rf;yh.  jk;ikg;nghy kw;Wk; Mapuf;fzf;fhd tptrhapfs; mDgtpj;J tUk; mePjpia vg;goa[k; nghf;f ntz;Lk; vd;w Mu;tk; kpFe;jtu; mtu;.

1916-Mk; Mz;oy; fh';fpu!; kfhehl;ow;F ehd; yl;Rkzg[up nghapUe;jnghJ mtu; vd;idg; gpoj;Jf; bfhz;lhu;.  v';fs; Jau';fisg;gw;wp tptu';fisbay;yhk; tf;fPy; ghg[ c';fSf;Ff; TWthu; vd;W mtu; brhd;dhu;.  rk;ghuqf;F tUkhWk; vd;id tw;g[Wj;jpdhu;.  tf;fPy; ghg[ vd;W mtu; brhd;dJ/ ghg[ gpu$;fpn#hu; gpurhj;ijna mtu; rk;ghuzpy; vdf;F kpfr; rpwe;j rf CHpauhdhu;.  gPfhupy; bghJ$d nritf;F capuhft[k; mtu; ,Ue;jhu;.  uh$;Fkhu; bghJ$d nritf;F capuhft[k; mtu; ,Ue;jhu;.  uh$;Fkhu; Rf;yh/ mtiu vd; Tlhuj;jpw;F miHj;J te;jhu;.  mtu; fhy; rl;il mzpe;J/ fWg;g[ nky; rl;ila[k; nghl;oUe;jhu;.  mg;bghGJ gpu$;fpn#hu; ghg[ vdf;F mt;tsthf xU ey;y mgpg;gpuhaj;ij cz;lhf;ftpy;iy.  xd;Wk; bjupahj tptrhapfis Vkhw;wpg; gpiHf;Fk; xU tf;fPyhf mtu; ,Uf;ff;TLk; vd;nw ehd; vz;zpndd;.  rk;ghuizg; gw;wp mtu; tha; bkhHp \yk; nfl;lwpe;jJk;/ vd; tHf;fj;ij xl;o/ epiyikia neupy; ghu;g;gjw;F Kd;dhy; ehd; ve;jtpj mgpg;gpuhaKk; TWtjw;fpy;iy.  fh';fpu!py; jat[ bra;J eP';fns jPu;khdj;ijf; bfhz;L thU';fs;.  ,g;nghijf;F vd;idr; Rk;kh tpl;L tpL';fs; vd;nwd;.  fh';fpu!plkpUe;Jk; bfh";rk; cjtpiag; bgw uh$;Fkhu; Rf;yh tpUk;gpdhu;.  rk;ghuz; kf;fsplk; mDjhgk; bjuptpf;f jPu;khdk; xd;iwg; ghg[ gpu$;fpn#hu; gpurhj; bfhz;L te;jhu;.  mj;jPu;khdk; fh';fpu!py; Vfkdjhf epiwntwpaJ.

uh$;Fkhu; Rf;yh kfpH;r;rpaile;jhbudpDk; jpUg;jp milatpy;iy.  ehnd neupy; rk;ghuqf;F te;J tptrhapfspd;  Jau';fisg; ghu;f;f ntz;Lk; vd;W tpUk;gpdhu;.  ehd; bra;atpUe;j Rw;Wg; gpuahzj;jpy; rk;ghuiza[k; nru;j;Jf; bfhs;Stjhft[k; ,uz;blhU ehs; m';nf ,Ug;gjhft[k; brhd;ndd;.  xU ehns nghJk;.  m';nf elg;gijbay;yhk; c';fs; fz;zhnyna eP';fs; fhzyhk; vd;whu;/ mtu;.

yl;Rkzg[upapypUe;J fhd;g{Uf;Fg; nghndd;.  uh$;Fkhu; Rf;yh m';Fk; vd;Dld; te;jhu;.  ,';fpUe;J rk;ghuz; mUfpnyna ,Uf;fpwJ.  m';nf tw;g[Wj;jpdhu;.  jat[ bra;J ,e;jj; jlit kd;dpj;JtpL';fs;.  Mdhy;/ ehd; gpwF epr;rakhf tUfpnwd;.  vd;W Twp nkw;bfhz;Lk; vd;idf; fl;Lg;gLj;jpf;bfhz;nld;.

gpwF Mrpukj;jpw;Fj; jpUk;gpndd;.  tplhf;fz;luhd uh$;Fkhu; m';nfa[k; te;Jtpl;lhu;.  eP';fs; tUk; ehisj; jat[bra;J ,g;bghGnj Fwpg;gpl;L tpL';fs; vd;whu;.  rup/ ,d;d njjpapy; ehd; fy;fj;jhtpy; ,Uf;f ntz;oapUf;fpwJ.  mg;bghGJ te;J vd;idr; re;jpj;J/ m';nf miHj;Jg; ngh';fs; vd;nwd;.  ehd; nghf ntz;oaJ v';nf/ bra;a ntz;oaJ vd;d/ ghu;f;f ntz;oaJ vJ vd;gbjy;yhk; vdf;Fj; bjupahJ.

fy;fj;jhtpy; g{ngd; ghg[tpd; tPl;ow;F ehd; ngha;r; nrUtjw;F Kd;dhnyna uh$;fkhu; Rf;yh m';nf ngha; vdf;fhff; fhj;Jf;bfhz;oUe;jhu;.  ,t;tpjk; fs;s';fglkw;w/ vspa Mdhy;/ kpf;f cWjpa[ila ,e;j tptrhap vd;idf; gpoj;Jbfhz;L tpl;lhu;.

Mfnt/ 1917-Mk; Mz;L Muk;gj;jpy; eh';fs; fy;fj;jhtpypUe;J rk;ghuqf;Fg; g[wg;gl;nlhk;.  eh';fs; ,UtUk; ehl;Lg;g[w mrhkpfshfnt njhw;wk; mspj;njhk;.  m';nf nghf ve;j buapypy; VWtJ vd;gJ Tl vdf;Fj; bjupahJ.  mtu; jhd; vd;id tz;of;F miHj;Jg; nghdhu;.  ,UtUk; nru;e;jhw;nghyg; gpuahzk; bra;J fhiyapy; ghl;dh ngha;r; nru;e;njhk;.

ghl;dht[f;F mg;bghGJjhd; Kjy;Kiwahf ehd; brd;nwd; m';nf j';fyhk; vd;why;/ vdf;F ez;gu;fnsh/ bjupe;jtu;fnsh ahUk; ,y;iy.  uh$;Fkhu; Rf;yh rhjhuzf; FoahdtnuahapDk; ghl;dhtpy; mtUf;Ff; bfh";rk; bry;thf;F ,Uf;ff;TLk; vd;W vz;zpndd;.  gpuahzj;jpd; nghJ mtiu ,d;Dk; bfh";rk; mjpfkhfj; bjupe;J bfhz;nld;.  Mdhy;/ ghl;dh ngha;r; nru;e;jJk; mtiug;gw;wp vdf;F ve;jtpjkhd kaf;fKk; ,y;yhJ ngha;tpl;lJ.  mtUf;F vijg;gw;wpa[k; vJt[nk bjupahJ.  jk; ez;gu;fs; vd;W mtu; vz;zpapUe;j tf;fPy;fs;/ mg;go xd;Wk; mtu; ez;gu;fs; my;y.  ViH uh$;Fkhu;/ mnefkhf mtu;fSf;Ff; Fw;nwty; bra;gtuhfnt ,Ue;jhu;.  ,j;jifa tptrhapfshd Foahdtu;fSf;Fk; mtu;fSila tf;fPy;fSf;Fkpilna/ gputhf rkaj;jpy; f';if ,Ug;gijg; nghd;W/ mfykhd mfH; ,Ue;J te;jJ vd;nw brhy;y ntz;Lk;.

uh$;Fkhu; Rf;yh/ ghl;dhtpy; uhn$e;jpu ghg[ tPl;ow;F vd;id miHj;Jr; brd;whu;.  mr;rkak; uhn$e;jpu ghg[ g{upf;nfh ntW v';nfh ngha;tpl;lhu;.  v';nf vd;gJ vdf;F epidt[ ,y;iy.  g';fshtpy; ,uz;blhU ntiyf;fhuu;fns ,Ue;jhu;fs;.  mtutu;fs; v';fisj; jpUk;gpg; ghu;f;fnt ,y;iy.  rhg;gpl vd; trk; bfh";rk; Mfhuk; ,Ue;jJ.  nguPr;rk; gHk; ntz;Lk; vd;nwd;.  mtu; filf;Fg; ngha; mij th';fpf; bfhz;L te;J bfhLj;jhu;.

jPz;lhik/ gPfhupy; kpff; fLikahf mDrupf;fg;gl;L te;jJ.  fpzw;wpypUe;J ntiyf;fhuu;fs; jz;zPu; vLj;Jf; bfhz;oUf;Fk;nghJ ehd; jz;zPu; vLf;ff;TlhJ vd;wdu;.  mg;go vLj;jhy; vd; thspapypUe;J ePu;j; Jspfs; rpjwp/ jh';fs; jPl;lhfptpLthu;fs; vd;wdu;.  Vbddpy;/ ehd; ,d;d rhjpiar; nru;e;jtd; vd;gJ mtu;fSf;Fj; bjupahJ tPl;ow;Fs;spUe;J nghFk;go Fkhu; vdf;Ff; fhl;odhu;.  Mdhy;/ ntiyf;fhuu;fnsh/ btspapypUe;J ff;TRf;Fg; nghFk;go Twptpl;ldu;.  ,j;jifa mDgt';fs; vdf;Fg; gHf;fg;gl;Lg; ngha;tpl;ljhy;/ ,itfisf; fz;L ehd; Mr;rupag;glt[kpy;iy/ nfhgkilat[kpy;iy.  jh';fs; vd;d bra;a ntz;Lk; vd;W uhn$e;jpug; gpurhj; tpUk;g[thu; vd;W mt;ntiyf;fhuu;fs; vz;zpdhu;fnsh/ me;jf; flikia mtu;fs; bra;jdu;.

me;j Rthu!;akhd mDgt';fspdhy; uh$;Fkhu; Rf;yhitf; Fwpj;J rupahf ehd; bjupe;Jbfhs;s Koe;jJ.  mnj rkaj;jpy; mtu; kPJ vdf;fpUe;j kjpg;g[k; mjpfkhapw;W.  uh$;Fkhupdhy; vdf;F tHpfhl;l KoahJ/ yfhid ehnd ifapy; gpoj;Jf;bfhs;s ntz;oaJjhnd vd;gij ,g;bghGJ fz;Lbfhz;nld;.