xg;ge;jj; bjhHpyhsp Kiw xHpg;g[

btspg; g[ay;fisa[k; cl;g[ay;fisa[k; Muk;gj;jpnyna rkhspf;f ntz;oajhapUe;j Mrpukj;jpd; fijia ,g;nghijf;F epWj;jptpl;L mg;bghGJ vd; ftdj;ijf; ftu;e;jpUe;j kw;bwhU tp#aj;ijf; bfh";rk; ftdpg;nghk;.

Ie;J Mz;Lf;Fk;/ mjw;Ff; Fiwthd fhyj;jpw;Fk; ntiy bra;tJ vd xg;ge;jk; bra;J bfhz;L/ mjd;ngupy; btspehLfSf;Fr; brd;wtu;fns xg;ge;jj; bjhHpyhsu;fs; nel;lhYf;F xg;ge;jg;go brd;wpUe;jtu;fSf;F tpjpj;jpUe;j \d;W gt[d; tup/ 1914-,y; Vw;gl;l !;kl;!; - fhe;jp xg;ge;jj;jpd;go uj;jhapw;W.  vd;whYk;/ ,e;jpahtpypUe;J btspehLfSf;Fr; bry;Yk; tp#ank ftdpf;f ntz;oajhf ,Ue;jJ.

xg;ge;jj; bjhHpyhsu; Kiwia uj;Jr; bra;Jtpl ntz;Lk; vd;W/ 1916 khu;r;rpy; gz;oj kjd; nkhfd khstpah ,k;gPupay; rl;lrigapy; xU jPu;khdk; bfhz;L te;jhu;.  jPu;khdj;ij yhu;L Qhu;o";R Vw;Wf; bfhz;lhu;.  mnjhL mk;Kiwia/ cupa fhyj;jpy; uj;Jr; bra;J tpLtjhfg; gpupl;o#; murh';fj;jpdplkpUe;J thf;FWjp fpilj;jpUf;fpwJ.  vd;W mwptpj;jhu;.  MapDk; ,t;tpjkhd jpl;lkpy;yhj xU thf;FWjpiaf; bfhz;L ,e;jpah rfpj;J te;jpUf;fpwJ/ mjw;Fg; gupfhuk; ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;F Mjhukhfnt bghJ$d mgpg;gpuhak; ,Uf;fpwJ vd;gija[k; fz;nld;.  rj;jpahf;fpufk; bra;tjw;F ,J Vw;w tprakh > Vw;w tprank vd;gjpy; vdf;F ve;jtpjkhd re;njfKk; ,y;iy. Mdhy;/ mij vk; Kiwapy; elj;JtJ vd;gJjhd; vdf;Fj; bjupatpy;iy.

,jw;fpilapy; itrpuha;/ Kothf uj;Jr; bra;tJ vd;gjd; bghUs; ,d;dbjd;gijf; Fwpj;J ve;j xspt[ kiwt[k; bra;atpy;iy.  ,jw;F khwhdbjhU Vw;ghl;ilf; bfhz;L tUtjw;F epahakhf ntz;oa fhyj;jpw;Fg; gpwF mk;Kiw uj;Jr; bra;ag;gLk; vd;W mtu; Twpdhu;.

Mfnt/ mk;Kiwia clnd uj;J bra;tjw;F xU knrhjhitf; bfhz;Ltug; gz;oj khstpah$p 1917 gpg;utupapy; mDkjp nfhupdhu;.  mDkjp bfhLf;f yhu;L brk;!;nghu;L kWj;J tpl;lhu;.  ,e;jpah KGtjpYk; ,ijf; Fwpj;Jf; fpsu;r;rp bra;tjw;fhf ehd; Rw;Wg; gpuahzk; bra;a ntz;oajhapw;W.

fpsu;r;rpia Muk;gpg;gjw;F Kd;dhy; itrpuhiaf; fz;L ngRtnj Kiw vd;W fUjpndd;.   fz;L ngr tpUk;g[tjhf vGjpndd;.  itrpuha[k; clnd mDkjp bfhLj;jhu;.  | nkgp (,g;bghGJ Qu; $hd; nkgp) mg;bghGJ itrpuhapd; me;ju';ff; fhupajuprp.  mtUld; beU';fpa bjhlu;g[ bfhz;nld;.  yhu;L brk;!;nghu;Lld; ehd; ngrpaJ jpUg;jp fukhfnt ,Ue;jJ.  jpl;lkhfr; brhy;yhky;/ jhk; cjtpahf ,Ug;gjhf mtu; thf;fspj;jhu;.

vd; Rw;Wg; gpuahzj;ijg; gk;ghapypUe;J Muk;gpj;njd;.  Vfhjpgj;jpag; gpu$hg[upikr; r';fj;jpd; mjutpy; m';nf xU bghJf;Tl;lj;ij elj;j $Qh';fPu; bgol; xg;g[f;bfhz;lhu;.  mf;Tl;lj;jpy; bfhz;Ltu ntz;oa jPu;khdj;ijj; jahupg;gjw;fhf mr;r';fj;jpd; epu;thff; fkpl;o Kjypy; ToaJ.  lhf;lu; !;lhd;yp uPl;/ (,g;bghGJ !u;) | yy;Ygha; rhksjh!;/ | eluh$d;/ bgol; Mfpatu;fs; fkpl;of; Tl;lj;jpw;F te;jpUe;jhu;fs;.  xg;ge;jj; bjhHpyhsu; Kiwia ve;jf; fhyj;jpw;Fs; ePf;fptpl ntz;Lk; vd;W ru;f;fhiuf; nfl;gJ vd;gij epu;zapg;gijg; gw;wpna tpthjk; ele;jJ.  \d;W nahridfs; Twg;gl;ld.  Koe;j tiuapy; rPf;fpukhf uj;Jr; bra;tJ/ $^iy 31-Mk; njjpf;Fs; uj;Jr; bra;tJ/ clnd uj;Jr; bra;tJ vd;gitna me;j \d;W nahridfs;.  Fwpg;gpl;l xU fhyj;jpw;Fs; murh';fk; ekJ nfhupf;iff;F ,z';fj; jtwptpl;lhu; mjd; gpwF vd;d bra;tJ vd;gij eh';fs; mg;nghJ Kot[ bra;a ,aYk; vd;w epiyapy; jpl;lkhd njjp xd;iwf; Fwpg;gpl;Ltpl ntz;Lk; vd;W Twpndd;.   clnd uj;Jr; bra;Jtpl ntz;Lk; vd;gij | yy;Ygha; Twpdhu;.  $^iy 31-Mk; njjpiatpl kpff; Fiwe;j fhyj;ijna clnd vd;w brhy; Fwpf;fpwJ vd;whu; mtu;.  clnd vd;w brhy;iy kf;fs; g[upe;Jbfhs;s khl;lhu;fs; vd;W ehd; tpsf;fpndd;.  mtu;fs; VjhtJ bra;a[k;go ghu;f;f ntz;Lk; vd;W ehk; tpUk;gpdhy;/ ,d;Dk; jpl;ltl;lkhd brhy; mtu;fSf;F ntz;Lk; vd;nwd;.  clnd vd;w brhy;Yf;F xt;bthUtUk; mtutu;fs; ,#;lk;nghy; tpahf;fpahdk; bra;Jbfhs;Sthu;fs;.  murh';fk; xU tHpapYk;/ kf;fs; tHpapYk; bghUs; bfhs;Stu;.  $^iy 31-Mk; njjpf;Fs; vd;gij ahUk; jtwhfg; g[upe;Jbfhz;L tpLtjw;fpy;iy.  mnj njjpf;Fs; xd;Wk; bra;ag;gltpy;iybad;why;/ ehk; nkw;bfhz;Lk; bra;a ntz;oaijf; ftdpf;f Koa[k;.  vd;Dila thjj;jpy; epahak; ,Ug;gij lhf;lu; uPl; fz;Lbfhz;lhu;.  Kothf | yy;Ygha[k; rk;kjpj;jhu;.  mk;Kiwia uj;Jr; bra;tij mwptpj;Jtpl ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;F $^iy 31-Mk; njjpia ,Wjpahf epu;zapj;njhk;.  mnj khjpup bghJf;Tl;lj;jpYk; xU jPu;khdk; bra;jd.

itrpuhaplk; bgz;fs; JhJnfh#;o xd;W nghtjw;F Vw;ghL bra;tjpy; KGr; rpuj;ijiaa[k; |kjp b$a;$p bgol; vLj;Jf;bfhz;lhu;.  gk;ghapypUe;J JhJ brd;w bgz;fspy; nyo lhl;lh/ fhy";brd;w jpy;#hj; gPfk; Mfpnahupd; bgau;fs; vdf;F "hgfk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ.  mj;JhJ nfh#;o brd;wjhy; mjpf ed;ik Vw;gl;lJ.  ek;gpf;if Vw;gLk; tifapy; itrpuha; mj;JhJ nfh#;of;Fg; gjpy; brhd;dhu;.

fuha;r;rp/ fy;fj;jh Kjypa mnef ,l';fSf;F ehd; brd;nwd;.  m';bfy;yhk; rpwg;ghd bghJf;Tl;l';fs; ele;jd.  v';Fk; vy;iyaw;w cw;rhfk; ,Ue;jJ.  ,Jnghbyy;yhk; ,Uf;Fk; vd;W/ fpsu;r;rpia Muk;gpj;jnghJ ehd; vjpu;ghu;f;ftpy;iy.

me;j ehspy; ehd; jdpahfnt gpuahzk; bra;njd;.  Mifahy;/ mw;g[jkhd mDgt';fs; vdf;F Vw;gl;ld.  ufrpag; nghyP!hu; vd; gpd;dhy; te;Jbfhz;nl ,Ue;jdu;.  Mdhy;/ xspg;gjw;F vd;dplk; vJt[nk ,y;yhjjhy;/ mtu;fs; vd;idj; bjhe;jut[ bra;atpy;iy.  mtu;fSf;Fk; ehd; ve;j tpjkhd f#;lKk; bfhLf;ftpy;iy.  mjpu;#;ltrkhf ehd; mg;nghJ kfhj;kh gl;l Kj;jpiuiag; bgw;Wtpltpy;iy.  Mdhy;/ vd;idj; bjupe;j ,l';fspy; kf;fs; mg;bgau; brhy;ypf; nfh#pg;gJ ru;t rhjhuzkhf ,Ue;jJ.

xU rkak; ufrpag; nghyP!hu; gy !;nl#d;fspYk; vd;idj; bjhe;jut[ bra;Jtpl;lhu;fs;.  vd;dplkpUe;j of;bfl;ilf; fhl;lr; brhy;yp/ mjd; ek;giuf; Fwpj;Jf; bfhz;ldu;.  ehndh/ mtu;fs; nfl;l nfs;tpfSf;bfy;yhk; clnd gjpy; brhy;yp te;njd;.  vd;Dld; me;j tz;oapy; ,Ue;j gpuahzpfs;/ ehd; ahnuh rhJ my;yJ gf;fpup vd;W vz;zpf;bfhz;L tpl;ldu;.  xt;bthU !;nl#dpYk; ehd; bjhe;jut[ bra;ag;gLfpnwd; vd;gijf; fz;lJk; mtu;fs; Mj;jpukile;J ufrpag; nghyP!hiuj; jpl;odhu;fs;.  mdhtrpakhf me;jr; rhJit Vd; bjhe;jut[ bra;fpwPu;fs; > vd;Wk; nfl;ldu;.  ,e;jg; ghjfu;fsplk; c';fs; of;bfl;ilf; fhl;lhjPu;fs; vd;Wk; mtu;fs; vdf;Ff; Twpdu;.

vd;Dila of;bfl;il mtu;fsplk; fhl;Ltjpy; vdf;Ff; f#;lk; vJt[k; ,y;iy.  mtu;fs;/ mtu;fSila flikiar; bra;fpwhu;fs; vd;W ehd; rhe;jkhf mtu;fSf;Fr; rkhjhdk; Twpndd;.  Mifahy;/ gpuahzpfs; rkhjhdk; milatpy;iy.  vd;dplk; nkYk; nkYk; mDjhgk; bfhz;lhu;fs;.  xU ghtKk; mwpahjtu;fs; ,t;tpjk; bjhe;jut[ bra;ag;gLtijg; gykhff; fz;oj;jhu;fs;.

Mdhy;/ ufrpag; nghyP!hupd; bjhy;iy bgupa bjhy;iy my;y.  cz;ikahd f#;lbky;yhk; \d;whk; tFg;g[g; gpuahze;jhd;.  yhTupypUe;J oy;ypf;Fg; nghd nghJjhd; vdf;F kpFe;j f#;lkhd mDgtk; Vw;gl;lJ.  fuhr;rpapypUe;J yhTu; tHpahff; fy;fj;jht[f;Fg; ngha; bfhz;oUe;njd;.  yhTupy; tz;o khwp Vw ntz;Lk;.  tz;oapy; bfh";rKk; ,lk; fpilf;ftpy;iy.  tz;o epiwaf; Tl;lk; ,Ue;jJ.  tz;of;Fs; Vw Koe;jtu;fs;/ ,oj;Jj; js;spf; bfhz;L gyte;jkhf Vwpatu;fns.  fjt[fs; g{l;lg;gl;oUe;j tz;ofspy; $d;dy; tHpahfr; rpyu; Vwpf; Fjpj;jdu;.  bghJ Tl;lj;jpw;Ff; Fwpg;gpl;oUe;j njjpapy; ehd; fy;fj;jht[f;Fg; ngha;r; nru;e;jhf ntz;Lk;.  ,e;j tz;oia ehd; tpl;Ltpl;lhy; cupa fhyj;jpy;  ehd; fy;fj;jh ngha;r; nru KoahJ.  cs;ns g[Fe;JtplKoa[k; vd;w ek;gpf;ifiabay;yhk; tpl;Ltpl;nld;.  ehd; Vwpf;bfhs;Stij mDkjpf;f ahUk; jahuhapy;iy.  ehd; ,t;tpjk; jpz;lhLtijf; fz;l xU nghu;l;lu;/ vd;dplk; te;J vdf;F gd;dpbuz;L mzhf; bfhL';fs;.  ehd; c';fSf;F Xu; ,lk; njoj; jUfpnwd; vd;whu;.  rup/ vdf;F ,lk; njof; bfhLj;Jtpl;lhy; ckf;Fg; gd;dpuz;L mzh jUfpnwd; vd;nwd;.  me;j thypgu;/ tz;o tz;oahfg; nghdhu;.  gpuahzpfisf; bf";rpf; nfl;lhu;.  Mdhy;/ xUtu;Tl mtu; bf";rYf;Fr; brtp rha;f;ftpy;iy.  buapy; g[wg;gltpUe;j rkaj;jpy; rpy gpuahzpfs;/ ,';nf ,lk; fpilahJ.  ntz;Lkhdhy; mtiu cs;ns js;S/ mtu; epd;w bfhz;Ljhd; tuntz;Lk; vd;whu;fs;.  vd;d brhy;YfpwPu;fs; > vd;W thypgg; nghu;l;lu; vd;idf; nfl;lhu;.  ehd; clnd rk;kjpj;njd;.  vd;id mtu; mg;gona Jhf;fp $d;dy; tHpahf cs;ns js;spdhu;.  ,t;thW cs;ns g[Fe;njd;.  nghu;l;lUk; gd;dpbuz;L mzh rk;ghjpj;Jtpl;lhu;.

,ut[ bgUk; nrhjidahfptpl;lJ.  kw;wg; gpuahzpfs; vg;gonah rkhspj;J cl;fhu;e;jpUe;jhu;fs;.  nky; jl;od; r';fpypiag; gpoj;Jf;bfhz;L ,uz;L kzp neuk; epd;W bfhz;nl ,Ue;njd;.  ,jd; eLtpy; rpy gpuahzpfs; ,iltplhky; vd;idj; bjhe;jut[ bra;J bfhz;nl ,Ue;jdu;.  fPnH cl;fhUfpwJjhnd > vd;W vd;idf; nfl;ldu;.  cl;fhUtjw;F ,lnk ,y;iy vd;W mtu;fSf;Fr; rkhjhdk; Tw Kad;nwd;.  mtu;fs; nky; jl;Lfspy; ed;whff; fhiy ePl;of;bfhz;L gLj;jpUe;jnghjpYk;/ ehd; epd;W bfhz;oUg;gij mtu;fshy; rfpf;f Koatpy;iy.  vd;id Xahky; bjhe;jut[ bra;J bfhz;nl ,Ue;jhu;fs;.  ehDk; risf;fhky; rhe;jkhf mtu;fSf;Fg; gjpy; brhy;ypf;bfhz;nl te;njd;.  filrpapy; xUthW rkhjhdk;  mile;jhu;fs;.  mtu;fspy; rpyu;/ vd; bgau; vd;d vd;W tprhupj;jdu;.  ehd; mijr; brhd;dJk; btl;fkile;jdu;.  vd;dplk; kd;dpg;g[f; nfl;Lf;bfhz;lnjhL vdf;F ,lKk; xspj;Jj; je;jhu;fs;.  ,t;tpjk; bghWikf;Fg; gyd; fpilj;jJ.  ehd; mjpff; fisg;gile;J tpl;nld;.  jiy Rw;w Muk;gpj;Jtpl;lJ.  cjtp kpft[k; njitahf ,Ue;j neuj;jpy; flt[s; cjtpia mDg;gpdhu;.

,t;tpjkhf xUthW oy;yp nru;e;njd;.  gpd;du; fy;fj;jht[f;Fg; ngha;r; nru;e;njd;.  fy;fj;jhg; bghJf; Tl;lj;jpw;Fj; jiyik tfpj;j fh!pk;g$hu; kfhuh$htpd; tpUe;jpddhfj; j';fpapUe;njd;.  fuhr;rpapy; ,Ue;jijg; nghd;nw ,';Fk; kf;fs; mstpy;yhj cw;rhfk; bfhz;L ,Ue;jdu;.  mf;Tl;lj;jpw;F mnef M';fpnyau;fSk; te;jpUe;jhu;fs;.

,e;jpahtpypUe;J xg;ge;jj;jpd; ngupy; bjhHpyhsiu mDg;g[tJ epWj;jg;gl;Ltpl;lJ epd;W $^iy 31-mk; njjpf;F Kd;dhnyna murh';fk; mwptpj;Jtpl;lJ.

,k;Kiwia Ml;nrgpj;J ehd; Kjy; kDitj; jahupj;jJ 1894-Mk; Mz;oy;/ ,k;Kiwiaf; Fwpj;J !u; Qd;lu; Twp te;jJnghy; ghjp moikj;jdkhd ,J xU ehisf;F xHpf;fg;gl;nl Mfntz;Lk; vd;W ehd; mg;bghGnj ek;gpndd;.

1894-,y; Muk;gkhd fpsu;r;rpf;F cjtp bra;jtu;fs; mnefu;.  Mdhy;/ ,k;Kiwia xHpg;gjw;Fr; rj;jpahf;fpfj;ij Muk;gpg;gJ vd;w cWjpna mJ rPf;fpuj;jpy; xHpa[k; go bra;Jtpl;lJ vd;gij ehd; brhy;yhky; ,Ug;gjw;fpy;iy.

,f;fpsu;r;rpiag; gw;wp tptu';fisa[k; mjpy; ahu; g';F vLj;Jf;bfhz;lhu;fs; vd;gJ gw;wpa[k; mwptjw;F ehd; vGjpa bjd;dhg;gpupf;fr; rj;jpahf;fpufk; vd;w Ehiy thrfu;fs; gof;ft[k;.